大學英語自學教程(上冊) 筆記
The 10th lecture of College English one
Unit 8 Text B: What people Don’t Know about Air
We all know that without air, we couldn’t live. It’s like fish couldn’t live without water. But do you know if there weren’t air, we would have no sound, no wind or clouds? So if you are interested all of these, please read the text very carefully.
A.New words:
1.obvious: adj 明顯的，obviously: adv
2.shelter: n/v 掩蔽、庇護；shelter from sth
3.atmosphere：n 大氣；atmospheric: adj大氣的
4.electrical: adj 電的、電氣的；electricity: n 電；electrician: n 電工
5.existence: n 存在；exist: v存在
6.lightening: n 閃電，thunder:打雷；
7.unending: adj不盡的、不停的；ending
8.atomic: adj 原子的，atom: n 原子
9.explosion: n 爆炸、爆發；explode: v 爆炸；explosive: n 炸藥、adj爆炸性的
B.Grammar point: Subjunctive Mood (2)
第一講中介紹過在非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣的主要用法，難點在于句子的時態比真實條件句的時態后退一步。即：現在時→過去時；過去時→過去完成時；將來時→過去將來時；在今天這講中將繼續將它在一些從句中的用法介紹給大家。
1在賓語從句中的用法：
1>.在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等含有希望、建議、命令等語氣的賓語從句中。（*） 句型：主語 + should(省略) + 動詞原形
a. I suggest that we (should) do it at once.
b. I insist that he (should) give up smoking.
2>.在wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而其時態的用法與非真實條件句一樣。（時態后移）
a.I wish I were you.(與現在事實相反的愿望)
b.I wish I had learned more. (與過去事實相反的愿望)
c.I wish I would have another chance. (與將來事實相反的愿望)
注意區分：wish + 從句：表示不可能實現的愿望，必須用虛擬語氣；而hope + 從句：表示可能實現的愿望，不用虛擬語氣。
a.He hopes we’ll go there with him.
b.He wishes we would go there with him.
3>.在would rather后的從句中. 句型：主語 + would rather + 從句（用一般過去時）
I would rather you stayed at home.
2.在主語從句中的用法。
在下列結構的主語從句中，謂語必須用虛擬語氣。見課本p542。考試的考點時should的省略。
3.在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法。
當賓語從句中那些使用虛擬語氣的動詞的名詞形式出現在表語從句和同位語從句中時，必須用虛擬語氣。即，suggestion, order, insistence, demand, request etc.
a.My suggestion is that we (should) try again.(表語從句)
b.My suggestion that we (should) try again is accepted by them.（同位語從句）
4.在定語從句中的用法。
It is time + that + 主語 + 動詞的過去時。
It is time that you left.
= It is tome for you to leave.
5.在含蓄條件句中的用法。
有時一個假設的情況并不是用條件從句表示，而用其它方式表示，稱含蓄條件句。
1>.用with, without介詞結構代替條件從句。
We might have died you without your help.= We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
2>.用相當于if的其它連詞表示虛擬結構。常見的連詞有：otherwise, in that case, on condition that, provided that, but for, etc.
a.I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
= I as very busy last week. If I hadn’t been busy, I would have come to see you.
b.But for the storm, we should have arrived early.
= If we hadn’t met the storm, we should have arrived early.
6.在錯綜時間條件句中的用法。
有時非真實條件句中，主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件句中的謂語動詞不是同時發生，這時可按照需要來調整各自的時間。
a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would have be all right now.
主句與從句發生的時間不同，進行調整。
b. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.
主句和從句的動作同時發生。
請注意：碰到這種從句要特別注意它的時間狀語，必須明確給出時間，否則按同時發生使用。
7.虛擬語氣的倒裝與省略。
符合下列條件，可以省略if,并進行倒裝。
①必須是非真實條件句。
②只有當從句中出現were, had, should時，才可省略if，并把這些詞放在主語之前。
a.If I should meet her, I would tell her.
= Should I meet her, I would tell her.
b.If I were in your position, I would do it better.
= Were I in your position, I would do it better.
請閱讀課本p539-p545，并完成課后練習。
看看本文中出現的虛擬語氣句：
1. Without air, we could not exist.
2. If we didn’t have air, there would be no sound.
3. Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
C. Important phrases in the text:
1.be important to sb(1段1行); 2.be forced to do(3段3行); 3.shelter from(3段3行); 4.consist of(5段1行); 5.rest upon(5段4行); 6.gazt at sth(6段5行); 7.in wonder(6段5行); 8.not…until(6段6行); 9.large amounts of(7段3行); 10. the same…as(8段3行); 11.learn to(9段1行); 12.in the meantime(9段3行); 13.pay attention to(9段4行); 14.add to(9段6行); 15.in order to(2段4行); 16.protect…from…(3段4行)
D.本文在寫作時有一個非常明顯的特點，運用了大量的同根詞，即在這句話中出現的是動詞，在下句中就出現它的名詞或形容詞。我們總結一下：
1.exist→existence; 2.atmosphere→atmospheric; 3.pressure→press; 4.weigh→weight; 5.electric→electrical,electricity
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