托業考試閱讀資料：回收性砍伐

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2016托業考試閱讀資料：回收性砍伐

　　閱讀材料：

2016托業考試閱讀資料：回收性砍伐

　　Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.

　　每年，在美國西北部，森林火災和一些嚴重的暴風雨會給森林造成嚴重的損害。而措置這些災難造成的損害的體例之一被稱為收受接管性砍伐。收受接管性砍伐是指把受損地域的已經衰亡的樹木一走，用作建造木材、膠合板或者其他木材產物。有一些理由讓我們相信收受接管性砍伐無論對于受損的森林仍是對于經濟成長都是有益處的。

　　First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.

　　首先，每次森林火災之后，森林都被死樹堵住了。如不美觀不把這些樹移走，那么它們需要數年的時刻才會侵蝕。在這個時刻里，就不渙有新的樹木能夠在這些狹小的空間發芽發展了。然而，收受接管性砍伐則可以把這些死樹移走，迅速地位新生的樹木供給發展的空間。這樣做，有助于輔佐森林從火災中恢復。

　　Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So， by removing totting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.

　　同時，已死的樹對森林的損害不僅僅是占用空間。腐臭的木頭同時也是昆蟲很好的棲息地，好比杉皮甲蟲。大量的杉皮甲蟲會對健康發展的杉樹造成損害。所以，經由過程移走這些腐臭的木頭，收受接管性砍伐可以降低蟲害侵襲的危險，進而呵護森林的健康。

　　Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.

　　最后，收受接管性砍伐是有經濟收益的。良多的財富的產物出產都依靠森林，因而森林大火對于經濟的成長長短常有害的。可是，良多時辰這些因為自然災難衰亡的樹木仍是可以能夠為工業出產供給很凍磷拍的。而且，收受接管性砍伐比傳統的砍抨擊當需要更多的人力，所以這可覺適當地居平易近供給更多的就業機緣。

　　閱讀部門需要提取的不雅概念是：

　　- Main point: 收受接管性砍否決于森林和經濟成長都益處

　　- Sub point 1: 可覺得新生樹木供給發展空間

　　- Sub point 2: 可以避免蟲害危險森林

　　- Sub point 3: 有助于經濟成長

　　聽力材料：

　　Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire or storm, but it can actually result in serious loner-term environmental damage. Its economic benefits are also questionable.

　　收受接管性砍伐看起來似乎是個輔佐森林從破損性大火或者暴風雨中的損害中恢復的有用體例，可是事實上卻會帶來持久的情形損失蹤。而它的經濟益處也是存疑的。

　　First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right conditions for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.

　　首先，在大火或者暴風雨之后的清理并不必然會給樹的發展供給合適的發展情形。事實上，樹木腐臭的自然過程可以使土壤變得肥饒，更適合往后樹木的發展。迅速地移除死去的樹木可能會導致土壤確實樹木發展所必需的營養物質。

　　Second, it’s true that rotting wood can increase insect population, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for nearly hundred years without causing major damage. And of course dead trees do not provide habitats only for harmful insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end up doing more harm to forests than harmful insects do.

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