BEC商務英語閱讀：日本和全球供應鏈斷裂

時間：2024-10-03 18:04:52 供應鏈我要投稿

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　　供應鏈的概念是從擴大的生產概念發展而來，下面是小編yjbys為您準備一些關于供應鏈的知識，歡迎閱讀!

BEC商務英語閱讀：日本和全球供應鏈斷裂

　　The disruption to manufacturers worldwide from Japan’s disasters will force a rethink of how they manage production

　　日本地震災難所造成的世界范圍內制造商的崩潰迫使人們重新思考管理生產的方法

　　LAST year Iceland’s volcanic ash disrupted air transport across Europe and gave the world’s manufacturing supply chain one of its biggest tests since the advent of the low-inventory, just-in-time era. Now, Japan’s quadruple disaster—earthquake, tsunami, nuclear alert and power shortages—has put the supply chain under far greater stress. Three weeks after the massive quake, the extent and likely duration of the disruption are still unclear.

　　去年冰島的火山灰擾亂了整個歐洲的航空運輸，為世界制造供應鏈自低庫存和及時成產時代以來提供一個最大的考驗。現在，日本的四個災害——地震，海嘯，核警報和電力短缺已使供應鏈處在更大的壓力下。在大地震發生三星期后，破壞的范圍和可能的持續時間海不清楚。

　　There are some enlightening similarities between the shocks that manufacturers are now suffering and those that buffeted the banking system in the 2008 financial crisis. In both cases two of the biggest surprises were the unexpected connections the crisis uncovered, and the extent of the contagion. The problems began in a seemingly well-contained part of the system—subprime mortgages in the case of finance, in manufacturing’s case a natural disaster in an economic backwater—but quickly spread.

　　在制造廠家所遭遇的沖擊和2008年金融危機中銀行系統中連受打擊的人之間是有一些受人啟發的相似之處的。在這兩種情況下，最讓人驚訝的是未保險的危機和污染范圍的意想不到的聯系。這些問題始于系統中一個看似完全包含的部分—— 金融中的次級抵押貸款，在經濟停滯中的制造商所經歷的自然災害，但很快蔓延開。

　　Like the sudden evaporation of liquidity that the banks experienced, factories are finding that parts that had always turned up reliably have stopped coming. As with financial regulators’ discovery of how poorly they understood the “shadow banking” system and arcane derivatives contracts, manufacturers are discovering how little they know about their suppliers’ suppliers and those even farther down the chain. When Lehman went bust, other banks struggled to measure their exposure because Lehman turned out to be not a single institution but a tangle of many entities. Assembly firms are now finding that their supply chain looks much the same.

　　銀行資金如液體揮發般突然不見，工廠發現一只穩定到貨的零部件竟然停止供應。至于金融監管機構，他們發現他們對于“影子銀行”系統和晦澀難懂的衍生品金融品合同的理解是如此膚淺，制造商們發現他們對供應商的供應商及下邊的供應鏈知之甚少。當雷曼破產，其他銀行努力衡量他們的暴露出的問題，因為雷曼兄弟不是一個單獨的機構，而是許多纏繞的實體。組裝公司現在發現他們的供應鏈看起來是一樣的。

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