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考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧詞義引申
引申是指從原詞的內(nèi)在含義出發(fā)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，在譯文中對(duì)某些詞作一定的語(yǔ)義調(diào)整，以達(dá)到忠實(shí)、通順的目的。英譯漢時(shí)常常會(huì)遇到許多單詞，按詞典上給的詞義來(lái)翻譯，譯文就會(huì)生硬難懂，甚至造成意思上的曲解。
(1)具體———抽象
經(jīng)典例題: Were it left to an American to decide whether they should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government，he should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
參考譯文: 如果讓一個(gè)美國(guó)人決定要沒(méi)有言論自由的政府還是要言論自由而無(wú)政府的國(guó)家，他會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。
經(jīng)典例題: There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
分析: bottleneck本指“瓶頸”，由于具有使緩慢和阻滯的效果，因而被抽象地引申為“限制”。參考譯文: 過(guò)去有過(guò)這種情況: 移民限制極為嚴(yán)格，不許任何人出于個(gè)人考慮而遷居他國(guó)。
(2)抽象———具體
經(jīng)典例題: While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
參考譯文: 幾乎每個(gè)史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家們的觀點(diǎn)都趨向于認(rèn)為史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)并闡明過(guò)去發(fā)生的重大事件。(1999年真題)
經(jīng)典例題: When the Jones were little，they were forbidden to set foot there，because of the revolting language and of what they might catch.
參考譯文: 瓊斯家里的人，小時(shí)候是不允許走進(jìn)那里的，生怕學(xué)到一些下流話(huà)，或沾染上什么毛病。
經(jīng)典例題: All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment. 參考譯文: 那所大學(xué)的學(xué)生做出的任何越軌行為都會(huì)受到處罰。
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